Latitude not charging over USB-C PD 3.1 when powered on

I have a somewhat weird problem where my Latitude 7300 won't charge over USB-C port when powered on with a specific non-Dell charger. The laptop originally came with a 65W AC charger.

I recently bought this LinkOn car charger that delivers up to 140W (28V/5A) of power over USB-C port. I bought it to charge a few different laptops while on the go. The charger works because, for example, I can charge my work MacBook Pro without any issues (it draws 100W). However, when I plugin my Latitude, nothing happens at all, it does not even recognize that it's plugged in. The weird thing is, if I power off the Latitude, it starts to charge immediately. As soon as I power it on, and it gets past POST (from what I can tell), it immediately stops charging. Why??

Here's what I've done to troubleshoot:

1. Tried two different USB-C PD 3.1 cables. Same result.

2. Tried charging over USB-C with the MacBook Pro 96W wall charger. It charges fine, no issues.

3. Updated BIOS to 1.27.0. Same result.

4. Tried enabling/disabling ExpressCharge in BIOS, no luck.

For comparison, here are the details on the two chargers I've been testing with:

LinkOn car charger 140W (not working)

Output: 28V/5A or 20V/5A or 15V/3A or 12V/3A or 9V/3A or 5V/3A

Latitude: Does not charge

MacBook: Charges, drawing 100W

Apple charger 96W (working)

Output: 20.5V/4.7A or 15V/3A or 12V/3A or 9V/3A or 5.2V/3A

Latitude: Charges, drawing 65W

MacBook: Charges, drawing 96W

Based on the tests, obviously the LinkOn car charger is functioning properly because I can charge other laptops with it and I can charge the Latitude, but only when I power it off. So, there must be something in the BIOS that's preventing the charge when the Latitude is powered on, but what and why?